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Western Small Flocks Collaborative

Bumblefoot

Learn about what bumblefoot is, prevention methods, and how to minimize your bird’s risk of developing it.

Bumblefoot Factsheet
Silhouette icon of a Bumblefoot virus shape

Quick Facts

Silhouette icon of a Bumblefoot virus shape Bacterial infection is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus
Silhouette icon of a light brown heart with a dark brown cross inside Early treatment helps prevent severe infections
Silhouette icon of a dark brown vet Infections require veterinary care
Silhouette of dark brown pair of gloves Wear gloves and wash up after treatment, staph bacteria can spread to people
Silhouette of dark brown clean shovel with gold sparks Linked to poor husbandry such as wet, dirty coops, sharp bedding, abrasive walking surfaces

What is Bumblefoot?

Bumblefoot (pododermatitis) is a common foot infection in birds caused by bacteria. It usually starts when the bottom of the foot gets scraped or injured, letting germs in. Signs include swelling, heat, limping, and a hard lump or black scab on the foot pad. It can also affect toes and hocks. Bumblefoot is painful and can become serious if not treated quickly. Early detection, medical care, and prevention of future cases are key for control of bumblefoot.

Silhouette icon of a brown caution symbol with an exclamation point in the center Bacteria enters through cuts, scrapes, or pressure sores on the foot.

Signs of Bumblefoot

Bumblefoot starts small but can worsen quickly if not treated. Checking your birds’ feet often helps you catch it early, when it’s easiest to manage.

Early Signs

  • Soft, swollen bump or red spot.
  • Bird may have a slight limp.
  • High chance of recovery with quick care.

Moderate Signs

  • Hard, dark scab on footpad.
  • Bird is limping or avoiding walking on the foot.
  • A veterinarian may be needed.

Severe Signs

  • The foot is very hard and swollen.
  • Swelling may advance up the leg.
  • Infection may cause the bird to stop walking or become ill.
  • A veterinarian is needed right away.
Detailed photograph of a chicken's foot infected with Bumblefoot
Bumblefoot causes a painful swelling and dark scab on the bottom of the foot, often from a cut or pressure sore that became infected.

What Causes Bumblefoot?

Husbandry and Environment

  • Hard or rough surfaces, sharp objects in litter, and wet or dirty conditions increase the risk.
  • Overweight birds are more prone because of extra pressure on the feet.

Injury to the Foot

  • Cuts, scrapes, or constant pressure from rough perches or hard flooring break the skin.

Bacteria Entering Wounds

  • Once the skin is damaged, bacteria (often Staphylococcus aureus) can enter and cause infection.

How Do You Prevent Bumblefoot?

Keep the Coop Clean and Dry

  • Use clean, dry bedding and change it regularly.
  • Avoid mud, damp litter, and ammonia buildup in coops.

Prevent Injury

  • Fix sharp or broken surfaces.
  • Monitor for leg injuries and treat them promptly to avoid overuse of one foot.

Provide Proper Perches

  • Provide soft flooring and smooth, low perches.
  • Avoid sharp edges and rough landings.

Check Feet and Watch Weight

  • Check daily for swelling, scabs, or limping.
  • Prevent obesity to reduce foot pressure.

Clean Hands and Equipment

  • Wash hands before and after treating foot injuries.
  • Disinfect tools after each use.

How Do You Treat Bumblefoot?

1. Soak the Foot

  • Use warm water and Epsom salts to soften the scab and reduce swelling.

2. Clean the Wound

  • Wear gloves when treating.
  • Gently clean the wound with a saline solution or diluted Betadine. Pack the wound with antibiotic ointment and wrap the foot to keep it clean.
  • Clean treatment area and dispose of waste safely.

3. Monitor and Decide

  • Isolate the bird.
  • Check the foot daily and change the bandage every other day.
  • If the wound worsens or doesn’t improve, contact your veterinarian.

4. Work with a Veterinarian

  • For severe cases, a veterinarian is needed for advanced care and to manage the infection.